Energy independence

Energy independence is independence or autarky regarding energy resources, energy supply and/or energy generation by the energy industry.

Energy dependence, in general, refers to mankind's general dependence on either primary or secondary energy for energy consumption (fuel, transport, automation, etc.). In a narrower sense, it may describe the dependence of one country on energy resources from another country.

Energy dependency shows the extent to which an economy relies upon imports in order to meet its energy needs. The indicator is calculated as net imports divided by the sum of gross inland energy consumption plus bunkers.
— Eurostat^[1]

Energy dependence has been identified as one of several factors (energy sources diversification, energy suppliers diversification, energy sources fungibility, energy transport, market liquidity, energy resources, political stability, energy intensity, GDP) negatively contributing to energy security.^[2] Generally, a higher level of energy dependence is associated with higher risk, because of the possible interference of trade regulations, international armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, etc.^[3]^[4]^[5]

^ "Error". ec.europa.eu.
^ "Energy security indices in Europe / Economic Challenges for Energy Workshop February 7-8th 2011, Madrid" (PDF). eforenergy.org/. 2011.
^ Hölsgens, Rick (2019). "Resource dependence and energy risks in the Netherlands since the mid-nineteenth century". Energy Policy. 125. Elsevier BV: 45–54. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.10.020. ISSN 0301-4215. S2CID 158310322.
^ Bluszcz, Anna (5 May 2016). "European economies in terms of energy dependence". Quality & Quantity. 51 (4). Springer Nature: 1531–1548. doi:10.1007/s11135-016-0350-1. ISSN 0033-5177. PMC 5486912. PMID 28725090.
^ Bryce, Robert (2008). Gusher of lies : the dangerous delusions of energy independence. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-321-0. OCLC 174112731.

[1] "Error". ec.europa.eu.

[2] "Energy security indices in Europe / Economic Challenges for Energy Workshop February 7-8th 2011, Madrid" (PDF). eforenergy.org/. 2011.

[Hölsgens_2019_pp._45–54-3] Hölsgens, Rick (2019). "Resource dependence and energy risks in the Netherlands since the mid-nineteenth century". Energy Policy. 125. Elsevier BV: 45–54. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.10.020. ISSN 0301-4215. S2CID 158310322.

[Bluszcz_pp._1531–1548-4] Bluszcz, Anna (5 May 2016). "European economies in terms of energy dependence". Quality & Quantity. 51 (4). Springer Nature: 1531–1548. doi:10.1007/s11135-016-0350-1. ISSN 0033-5177. PMC 5486912. PMID 28725090.

[Bryce_2008_p.-5] Bryce, Robert (2008). Gusher of lies : the dangerous delusions of energy independence. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-321-0. OCLC 174112731.

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